Program on the Environment

Informal science learning institutions, such as aquariums, play a crucial role in bridging the gap between science and the public’s understanding of the environment, particularly in relation to marine ecosystems. However, at this point, research on these institutions is limited in its examination of how they influence visitors’ awareness and conservation behaviors. The purpose of this study is to explore how aquariums and related education platforms foster conservation engagement and learning outcomes by comparing visitor experiences at the MaST Center Aquarium in Des Moines with responses from an online international survey. Data were collected through on-site observations, on-site visitor surveys, and online questionnaires focusing on learning outcomes, emotional connection, and behavioral intentions. Results show that interactivity, empathy, and social connection are the strongest predictors of conservation awareness across both contexts. On the other hand, on-site MaST Center visitors emphasized the value of hands-on learning and personal interaction with staff and marine animals. At the same time, Chinese online participants highlighted the effectiveness of visual storytelling and cultural accessibility. Despite differences in access to the survey and their background, both groups demonstrated a greater willingness to adopt pro-environmental behaviors and to protect marine ecosystems following their engagement. These findings suggest that combining experiential education with digital outreach can broaden participation and sustain long-term conservation behavior. Overall, the study examines the significance of incorporating cross-cultural and emotion-based communication strategies into informal science education to amplify the global impact of marine conservation and other environmental initiatives.