Program on the Environment

Pacific oysters (Magallana gigas), introduced to Washington state about a century ago, have emerged as one of the most important species in our aquaculture industry. As both a non-native species and an ecosystem engineer, Pacific oysters can significantly influence the dynamics of the Salish Sea ecosystem in a variety of ways. Despite their established presence, the factors leading to their naturalization, self-sustaining wild populations, remain somewhat unknown. Improved comprehension of these factors is essential for refining management policies and maximizing their potential for regenerative aquaculture uses while mitigating drawbacks to marine habitats. This research aims to provide a nuanced understanding of Pacific Oyster naturalization in the Salish sea, from ecological determinants of naturalization to ecosystem impacts. To accomplish this task, I conducted comprehensive interviews of fifteen experts in the oyster industry to create a ranked list of environmental factors influencing naturalization. Alongside a literature review, this list informed the creation of an online map displaying wild Pacific oyster populations overlaid with datalayers of the environmental conditions that contribute to naturalization. Findings show that sea surface temperature, food abundance, and suitable setting substrate were the most important factors for Pacific oyster naturalization. In addition, rising sea temperatures associated with climate change will likely expand the range of the Pacific oyster beyond its current niche. This project aspires to contribute to the broader field of ecological dynamics of non-native species, offering valuable insights for managing Pacific oyster populations while promoting holistic sustainability in the aquaculture industry.